Optimising the surveillance of Aedes aegypti in Brazil by selecting smaller representative areas within an endemic city.

OBJECTIVES: Arboviruses, such as dengue (DENV), zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV), constitute a growing urban public health threat. Focusing on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, their primary vectors, is crucial for mitigation. While traditional immature-stage mosquito surveillance has limitations, capturing adult mosquitoes through traps yields more accurate data on disease transmission. However, deploying traps presents logistical and financial challenges, demonstrating effective temporal predictions but lacking spatial accuracy. Our goal is to identify smaller representative areas within cities to enhance the early warning system for DENV outbreaks. METHODS: We created Sentinel Geographic Units (SGUs), smaller areas of 1 km2 within each stratum, larger areas, with the aim of aligning the Trap Positivity Index (TPI) and Adult Density Index (ADI) with their respective strata. We conducted a two-step evaluation of SGUs. First, we examined the equivalence of TPI and ADI between SGUs and strata from January 2017 to July 2022. Second, we assessed the ability of SGU's TPI and ADI to predict DENV outbreaks in comparison to Foz do Iguaçu's Early-Warning System, which forecasts outbreaks up to 4 weeks ahead. Spatial and temporal analyses were carried out, including data interpolation and model selection based on Akaike information criteria (AIC). RESULTS: Entomological indicators produced in small SGUs can effectively replace larger sentinel areas to access dengue outbreaks. Based on historical data, the best predictive capability is achieved 2 weeks after infestation verification. Implementing the SGU strategy with more frequent sampling can provide more precise space-time estimates and enhance dengue control. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of SGUs offers an efficient way to monitor mosquito populations, reducing the need for extensive resources. This approach has the potential to improve dengue transmission management and enhance the public health response in endemic cities.

Set of sustainability indicators for the dairy industry.

The Brazilian dairy industry is socially and economically relevant but requires care regarding the prevention of the environmental impact, and a set of indicators to evaluate the level of sustainability of such industries has not yet been yet defined and consolidated both in practice and in the literature. In this context, this study aims to select a set of sustainability indicators for small and medium-sized Brazilian dairy industries. The selection of the set of sustainability indicators was conducted using a top-down approach (based on the Global Reporting Initiative document) and a bottom-up approach (participatory process by questionnaire in the dairy industry). The questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale of a general set of indicators, resulting from the top-down approach, was answered by 238 respondents linked to the dairy industry in Brazil to determine the importance of each indicator in this type of industry. The main results reveal that a set of 28 sustainability indicators (environmental = 13, social = 9, and economic = 6) was selected for use in small and medium-sized Brazilian dairy industries. This set of indicators fills the existing gaps in the literature about being specific for the small and medium-sized dairy industries in Brazil, mutually covers the dimensions of the triple bottom-line, applicable in multiple departments of the dairy industry, and the selection took place through a participatory process of professionals linked to the dairy industry.

Por uma psicologia que (re)conheça a todos/as: discussões curriculares sobre a formação de psicólogos/as em relação às discussões sobre gêneros e sexualidades / Towards a psychology that recognizes all: curricular discussions on the training of psychologists with regard to discussions on gender and sexuality / Por una psicologia que (re)conozca a todes: discusiones curriculares sobre la formación de psicólogos/as relación a discusiones sobre generos/sexualidades

O artigo busca analisar alguns elementos curriculares que norteiam a formação em psicologia nas questões de gênero e sexualidade. Para isso, foram analisadas as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de Psicologia bacharelado e os Projetos Pedagógicos dos cursos de Psicologia de cinco universidades federais do extremo sul do Brasil, a saber: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande ­ FURG, Universidade Federal de Pelotas ­ UFPEL, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ­ UFRGS e Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre ­ UFCSPA. O referencial teórico-metodológico utilizado está baseado em Michel Foucault e nos estudos de Gênero e Sexualidade nas vertentes pós-estruturalistas. Dentre os resultados encontrados, percebeu-se que as discussões de gênero e sexualidade, nas Diretrizes Curriculares e nos Projetos Pedagógicos, quando mencionadas, são feitas de maneiras a tangenciar a formação de psicólogos/as, não se constituindo como discussões centrais nos documentos. (AU)

The article seeks to analyze some curricular elements that guide psychology training with regard to issues of gender and sexuality. To this end, the Brazi- lian National Curricular Guidelines for Bachelor's Psychology courses and the Pedagogical Projects of Psychology courses at five federal universities in the extreme south of Brazil were analyzed: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), and Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). The theoretical and methodological framework used is based on Michel Foucault and studies on Gender and Sexuality, in the post-structuralist perspective. Among the findings, it was observed that discussions of gender and sexuality in the Curricular Guidelines and Pedagogical Projects, when mentioned, are tangential to the training of psychologists and do not constitute central discussions in the documents. (AU)

El artículo busca analizar algunos elementos curriculares que orientan a la formación en psicología en temas de géneros y sexualidades. Para ello, se analizaron los Lineamientos Curriculares Nacionales para los cursos de Licenciatura en Psicología y los cursos de Proyectos Políticos Pedagógicos de Psicología en cinco universidades federales del extremo sur de Brasil: Universidad Federal de Rio Grande - FURG, Universidad Federal de Pelotas - UFPEL, Universidad Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS y Universidad Federal de Ciencias de la Salud de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA. El marco teórico-metodológico utilizado se basa en Michel Foucault y en estudios de Género y Sexualidad, en las vertientes postestructuralistas. Entre los resultados encontrados, se puede observar que las discusiones sobre género y sexualidad en los Lineamientos Curriculares y proyectos pedagógicos, cuando se mencionan, se realizan en formas que se relacionan con la formación de psicólogos, sin embargo no constituyen discusiones centrales en los documentos. (AU)

Ionic concentration in periradicular medium after dissolution of endodontic file fragments: an in vitro study.

The aim of this study was to obtain ionic quantification in periradicular medium after diffusion tests of the solution used inside root canals during the electrochemical dissolution of endodontic file fragments and the NiTi-containing dissolution product via an apical foramen. Thirty single-rooted extracted human teeth had root canals prepared and were attached to Eppendorf tubes filled with sterile saline. The samples were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the solution used inside the root canal during the diffusion tests: Group 1: [NaF 12 g/L + NaCl 1 g/L]; Group 2: [NaF 12 g/L + NaCl 1 g/L + NiTi 0.50 g/L]; Group 3: [NaF 6 g/L + NaCl 0.5 g/L + NiTi 0.25 g/L]. The sample in each Eppendorf tube was then analyzed to assay the ionic quantification in periradicular medium. The groups were compared in relation to ionic quantifications (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests, p ≤ 0.05). Group 2 showed significantly higher F-, Ni and Ti quantities than groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). Group 3 showed significantly higher Ti and Ni quantities than group 1, where no measurable quantities of Ti and Ni were observed (p < 0.05). The conclusions were that a 50% dilution of the NiTi-containing dissolution product resulted in significantly lower F-, Ni and Ti quantities compared to the undiluted product. The quantifications observed here suggest that irrigation is recommendable during the electrochemical dissolution process to reduce the resultant ion concentrations in both the root canal and the periradicular medium.

Ionic concentration in periradicular medium after dissolution of endodontic file fragments: an in vitro study

Abstract The aim of this study was to obtain ionic quantification in periradicular medium after diffusion tests of the solution used inside root canals during the electrochemical dissolution of endodontic file fragments and the NiTi-containing dissolution product via an apical foramen. Thirty single-rooted extracted human teeth had root canals prepared and were attached to Eppendorf tubes filled with sterile saline. The samples were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the solution used inside the root canal during the diffusion tests: Group 1: [NaF 12 g/L + NaCl 1 g/L]; Group 2: [NaF 12 g/L + NaCl 1 g/L + NiTi 0.50 g/L]; Group 3: [NaF 6 g/L + NaCl 0.5 g/L + NiTi 0.25 g/L]. The sample in each Eppendorf tube was then analyzed to assay the ionic quantification in periradicular medium. The groups were compared in relation to ionic quantifications (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests, p ≤ 0.05). Group 2 showed significantly higher F-, Ni and Ti quantities than groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). Group 3 showed significantly higher Ti and Ni quantities than group 1, where no measurable quantities of Ti and Ni were observed (p < 0.05). The conclusions were that a 50% dilution of the NiTi-containing dissolution product resulted in significantly lower F-, Ni and Ti quantities compared to the undiluted product. The quantifications observed here suggest that irrigation is recommendable during the electrochemical dissolution process to reduce the resultant ion concentrations in both the root canal and the periradicular medium.

Family health strategy: relevance to the functional capacity of older people.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the functional capacity of older people based on their performance on basic activities of daily living. METHOD: a cross-sectional study, carried out through the record of the Family Health teams working in the urban area of a city in northern Minas Gerais, in 2015. To assess the functional capacity of 373 older people, the Katz Scale was applied, which includes dimensions on the performance of daily living activities. The interviews took place in the participants' households. RESULTS: of the total participants, 6.9% had some degree of dependence. Those aged over 80 years old and were living without a partner had about three times more chances of presenting higher levels of functional dependence. CONCLUSION: most older people enrolled in a Family Health Strategy had their functional capacity preserved.

Family health strategy: relevance to the functional capacity of older people / Estrategia salud de la familia: relevancia para la capacidad funcional de los ancianos / Estratégia saúde da família: relevância para a capacidade funcional de idosos

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the functional capacity of older people based on their performance on basic activities of daily living. Method: a cross-sectional study, carried out through the record of the Family Health teams working in the urban area of a city in northern Minas Gerais, in 2015. To assess the functional capacity of 373 older people, the Katz Scale was applied, which includes dimensions on the performance of daily living activities. The interviews took place in the participants' households. Results: of the total participants, 6.9% had some degree of dependence. Those aged over 80 years old and were living without a partner had about three times more chances of presenting higher levels of functional dependence. Conclusion: most older people enrolled in a Family Health Strategy had their functional capacity preserved.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la capacidad funcional de los ancianos con base en el desempeño para las actividades básicas de la vida diaria. Método: el estudio de delineamiento transversal, realizado por medio de los registros de equipos de Salud de la Familia que actúan en el área urbana de una ciudad del Norte de Minas Gerais, en el año de 2015. Para evaluar la capacidad funcional de 373 ancianos se aplicó la Escala de Katz, que contempla dimensiones sobre la realización de actividades de la vida diaria. Las encuestas ocurrieron en los domicilios de los participantes. Resultados: Del total de ancianos, el 6,9% poseían algún grado de dependencia. Aquellos con edades arriba de 80 años y que vivían sin compañero(a) tuvieron, aproximadamente, el triplo de chances de presentar niveles más elevados de dependencia funcional. Conclusión: Los ancianos registrados en un equipo de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia poseían, en su gran parte, la capacidad funcional preservada.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a capacidade funcional de idosos com base no desempenho para as atividades básicas de vida diária. Método: estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado por meio dos registros de equipes de Saúde da Família que atuam na área urbana de uma cidade do Norte de Minas Gerais, no ano de 2015. Para avaliar a capacidade funcional de 373 idosos aplicou-se a Escala de Katz, que contempla dimensões sobre a realização de atividades da vida diária. As entrevistas ocorreram nos domicílios dos participantes. Resultados: do total de idosos, 6,9% possuíam algum grau de dependência. Aqueles com idades acima de 80 anos e que viviam sem companheiro(a) tiveram, aproximadamente, o triplo de chances de apresentar níveis mais elevados de dependência funcional. Conclusão: os idosos cadastrados em uma equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família possuíam, em sua maioria, capacidade funcional preservada.

Associação entre força muscular e sensibilidade plantar em pacientes diabéticos: um estudo transversal / Association bet ween muscle force and foot sensitiveness in patients with diabetes: a transversal study

Diabetes Mellitus, distúrbio metabólico crônico dos carboidratos com elevadas taxas de morbi-mortalidade, tem a neuropatia diabética periférica (alterações sensitivas, motoras e autonômicas) como complicação mais prevalente. Em estudo transversal, 18 pacientes, verificou-se se há associação entre sensibilidade plantar e força muscular do tornozelo em pacientes diabéticos, avaliados quanto à sensibilidade tátil com monofilamentos (Semmes-Weisntein) em três pontos da região plantar nos dois pés, e força muscular de tornozelo, com teste de força manual, graduada de 0 a 5. Análise realizada no SPSS 20.0, testes qui quadrado e exato de Fisher, e p<0,05. Observou-se que 44,5% dos pacientes tinham perda da sensibilidade tátil e 38,8% da sensibilidade dolorosa; 38,8% e 33,3% tiveram diminuição da força de dorso-flexão direita e esquerda respectivamente, no entanto a correlação dessas variáveis, não foi estatisticamente significante. Diante dos resultados, não foi possível correlacionar a perda de sensibilidade plantar com a diminuição da força muscular nesse grupo de pacientes diabéticos.

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic carbohydrate metabolic disorder with high morbo-mortality rates, also includes peripheral diabetic neuropathy as a predominant complication. Current analysis verifies the association between foot sensitiveness and muscle force of the ankle in patients with diabetes. A transversal study involving 18 patients revealed that there is an association between foot sensitiveness and muscle force at the ankle in patients who were evaluated with regard to tactile sensitiveness with monofilaments (Semmes-Weistein) at three sites of the sole the foot and the muscular force of the ankle, with tests for hand strength, graduated from 0 to 5. Analysis SPSS 20.0, chi-square tests and Fisher´s exact test (p<0.05) were performed. Further, 44.5% of patients suffered loss of tactile sensitiveness; 38.8% had loss of pain sensitiveness; 38.8% and 33.3% had a decrease in the lateral dorsal-flexor force even though the co-relationship of variables was not statistically significant. Loss of sole sensitiveness could not be associated with decrease in muscle force in patients with diabetes.

Qualidade da abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica da insuficiência cardíaca descompensada em uma série consecutiva de pacientes internados em hospital universitário / Quality of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to descompensated heart failure in a consecutive series of patients in a university hospital

A aplicação de intervenções baseadas em evidências é fundamental para a redução da morbimortalidade associada à insuficiência cardíaca (IC). Avaliar a qualidade da abordagem dos pacientes internados com IC descompensada (ICD) em um hospital universitário (HU) e comparar com registros internacionais (RI). Estudo retrospectivo de 261 hospitalizações consecutivas por ICD no período de 01/01/2006 a 30/06/2007. Utilizaram-se como instrumentos de medida de qualidade (JCAHO, ACC/AHA, OPTIMIZE): taxa de uso de IECA...